Biomechanics is the study of the mechanical interaction of solids and/or fluids with internal and external forces in the context of biology. It has long been a mainstay in the cardiovascular and orthopedic fields, where it has been used to analyze and predict the mechanical and biological mechanisms underlying bone fractures, hard and soft tissue remodeling, and blood flow through arterial stents and aneurysms. Biomechanical techniques are critical in optimizing cardiac and orthopedic implant designs for maximum clinical efficacy and life. Ocular biomechanics has been primarily focused on diseases of the cornea, trabecular meshwork, sclera, and optic nerve head, with more limited application in the vitreous, lens, and iris. It has provided insight into disease processes and surgical outcomes in various eye disorders. For example, in glaucoma, ocular biomechanics has been used to analyze and predict the importance of the sclera in determining the biomechanics of the lamina cribrosa, the site of axonal damage in glaucoma. In the cornea, the science of biomechanics has been used to better understand the structural basis of corneal ectatic diseases and to develop biomechanically mediated treatments for keratoconus that have already resulted in a global reduction in the number of corneal transplants required for this disease.