The aim of this book is to make current and comprehensive. It has been updated with 335 new photographs, 9 new chapters and the latest references for further reading and also added a special section on illustrative multiple choice questions with explanatory answers. The book second edition has been organized and edited many of the existing chapters. The new chapters included diabetic papillopathy, Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy, normal tension glaucoma, blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm, orbital apex syndrome, skew deviation, HIV and neuro-ophthalmic disorders, cerebral venous thrombosis and orbital varices. This book will be used frequently in the day-to-day practice of ophthalmologists, radiologists, neurologists, neurosurgeons and neuro-ophthalmologists worldwide.