The human eye is central to perception, independence, and quality of life. Over the past two decades, ophthalmology has evolved into a leading discipline in precision medicine, regenerative therapies, and minimally invasive technologies. Diseases of the Eye - Novel Investigations and Treatments presents a comprehensive overview of this transformation, covering major conditions such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, cataracts, and dry eye disease. Therapeutic breakthroughs, such as anti-VEGF agents for AMD and diabetic macular edema, MIGS and SLT for glaucoma, and advanced intraocular lenses for cataract surgery, have significantly improved clinical outcomes. In dry eye disease, targeted anti-inflammatory treatments and improved diagnostics have enhanced care. Emerging innovations, including gene therapy, stem cell transplants, AI-assisted screening, and wearable biosensors, are paving the way for personalized, preventive ophthalmology. This volume serves a broad audience, from students and clinicians to researchers and policymakers, highlighting scientific progress, clinical application, and ethical considerations. Each chapter reflects a commitment to preserving vision as a means of safeguarding dignity, autonomy, and human connection.